ABSTRACT

While wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a power constrained system, since nodes run on limited power batteries which shorten its lifespan. Prolonging the network lifetime depends on efficient management of sensing node energy resource. Energy consumption is therefore one of the most crucial design issues in WSN. Hierarchical routing protocols are best known in regard to energy efficiency. By using a clustering technique hierarchical routing protocols greatly minimize energy consumed in collecting and disseminating data. In this paper we propose Improved and Balanced LEACH (IB-LEACH), a heterogeneous-energy protocol propose a new method to decrease probability of failure nodes and to prolong the time interval before the death of the first node (we refer to as stability period) and increasing the lifetime in heterogeneous WSNs, which is crucial for many applications. We study the impact of heterogeneity of nodes, in terms of their energy, in wireless sensor networks that are hierarchically clustered. In these networks some high-energy nodes called NCG nodes (Normal node/Cluster Head/ Gateway) become “cluster heads” to aggregate the data of their cluster members and transmit it to the chosen “Gateways” that requires the minimum communication energy to reduce the energy consumption of cluster head and decrease probability of failure nodes. The simulation results demonstrated that new protocol is more energy efficient and is more effective in prolonging the network life time and a stability period compared to LEACH and SEP.