Electronic government in public institutions of the department of La Guajira-Colombia

— The objective of this research was to analyze the application of electronic government in public institutions of the Department of La Guajira - Colombia. It was typified as a descriptive field investigation with a population of seventy-five users assigned to the public institutions of the department of Guajira Colombia. The results show, among other aspects, that a large percentage of people do not use ICT, are apathetic or do not have access to communication through the use of electronic means. This and other results allow us to conclude that there is a medium compliance for the electronic Government variable, for which it is necessary to reinforce the perception of the same in public institutions


II. METHODOLOGY
The present investigation was of quantitative non-experimental cross-sectional type. Quantitative, because the variables of nominal or ordinary type were studied [11]; non-experimental, because the data were not manipulated by the researchers [12]; and Cross-sectional, because the data was collected at a certain time [13]. As for the study population, it was made up of 220,610 inhabitants of the urban area of Riohacha and to calculate the sample, the researcher's formula [14] was applied for finite populations. As a result, a sample of 75 inhabitants was obtained.

A. Techniques and research instruments
For the data collection, the survey was used as a technique and as a tool a closed question questionnaire of Likert type, with the five options of answers: Strongly agree (SA), Agree (A), Undecided (U), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD). Where was asked about the dimensions and indicators of the electronic Government variable as shown in Table 1. For the validity of the instrument, 5 experts were consulted, to whom the first prototype of the instrument was delivered and with the observations made by them, the final questionnaire was validated. For the reliability of the instrument, the use of the Alpha Cronbach coefficient was chosen, for which it was carried out in a pilot test applied to a sample similar to the one in the study, but which was not part of it in order to determine its reliability. As a result, with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 0.90 was obtained, indicating a very high level of reliability according to the Scale proposed by [15].

B. Data analysis
To achieve the objective of the research, a descriptive statistical analysis was performed to visualize the behavior of the data set, grouping them into frequency distributions, tables and graphs that allow the evaluation of the results of the central tendency measures (average), as well as dispersion measures such as the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation. Within it, tables of absolute and relative frequencies are used, with evaluation criteria by indicator, and dimension, according to the variables under study. Likewise, for the analysis and interpretation of the results, the following Scale was designed that is shown in Table 2. The scale shown in Table 2 was elaborated from the interest of the investigation as far as the values of the ranges as the meaning of the categories, this according to what is expressed by [16] that explains the predominance of the particular character of the research in the elaboration of quantitative measurement criteria, thus exercising the free selection of them for the location of the interpretation categories and their scales.

III. RESULTS
The analysis of the instrument applied to the users of the applications of the Public Institutions of the Department of La Guajira -Colombia is then carried out. The analysis was made taking into account the Electronic Government variable, its dimensions: Incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies, Organizational structure and Digital divide with its corresponding indicators. Table 3 shows the results of the dimensions.

A. Dimension: Incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies
The results of this dimension determined that there is a large percentage of people who do not use ICT, are apathetic or do not have access to communication through the use of electronic means. The arithmetic mean of the "Incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies" dimension was 3.07, in contrast with the scale; the average is in the medium compliance category. This is due to the fact that the majority of respondents answered that they make little use of web resources such as pages and applications that facilitate bureaucratic processes for the population. These results indicate that they do not take into account what is stated by [17], who affirms that the use of tics streamlines the management processes that are carried out in a government. However, the use of this tool should be selective according to what is stated by [18], who states that some of these technologies are useful in aspects of governance while others are not useful. [19] has argued that the organizational structure of public organizations can influence the management of change. In this sense, the arithmetic mean of the dimension was 3.07 in contrast with the scale; its average is in the medium compliance category. The above shows that La Guajira is prepared for the implementation of an electronic government, because there is availability on the part of the government to train people to use technological tools and support electronic government. However, it also shows that there is a lack of employees to attend to the needs of the residents.

C. Dimension: Digital Gap
The breadth of the gap is evident because respondents indicated that they have difficulty accessing a computer and the Internet, and the government does not encourage or speak of the implementation of an electronic government. These results are consistent with what was defined by [20] who affirm that the digital divide is associated with the low level of Internet access, the OECD defines it as "the gap between people, households, companies and geographical areas in the different socioeconomic levels in relation both to their opportunities for access to information and communication technologies (ICT) and to the use of the Internet for a wide variety of activities.
In the case of the general results as an average of the variable, Electronic Government, the following results are obtained: the highest percentage is 21%, corresponding to Totally Agree and Indecisive, then 20% agree and totally disagree, finally disagree with 19%. The value that was obtained for the arithmetic mean was 3.08, being located in the scale as medium compliance, therefore, it is necessary to reinforce the perception of the Electronic Government variable in the public institutions under study, which would imply to be in accordance with the definition of the United Nations Organization (UN), in that they are used by the State, to provide services and information to citizens, increase the effectiveness and efficiency of public management, and substantially increase the transparency of the public sector and citizen participation [21].

IV. CONCLUSION
The above results allow us to conclude that in the applications of e-Government in the public institutions of La Guajira, Colombia, if Internet access and use of online services are handled externally and internally but with a notable deficit. Regarding the use of the web pages of these public institutions in a moderated way, they provide updated information, offer little ease of use and do not allow to carry out procedures in their entirety through the applications. On the other hand, regarding the organizational structure, there are a small number of employees to attend to the needs of the residents. One of the indicators with the lowest score was Diffusion about the e-government program, for which the improvement of this indicator is recommended, because the necessary instruments must be available to build a more efficient state.
Likewise, the general results of the variable Electronic Government placed it as a medium compliance, indicating the need to reinforce in the public institutions object of study the use of tics so that they can obtain a good management of the variable Electronic Government. On the other hand, it is recommended to design, deepen and comply with efficient strategic guidelines that allow the implementation of Electronic Government as a public policy in the management of the Government of La Guajira.