Innovative Culture and Commercialization of Technology in Prefabricated Systems of the Construction Sector

The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between the innovative culture and the commercialization of technology in the prefabricated systems of the construction sector. This allows the strengthening of the innovative culture and promotes the commercialization of this new construction system, to generate competitive advantages in the market and achieve the objectives and goals of the organizations. The research was quantitative with non-experimental cross-sectional descriptive design, where a data collection instrument was designed with 54 items focused on the variables studied and the Pearson coefficient was used to determine the relationship between them. The results show a coefficient of 0.563 with a significance of 0.000, indicative of a positive, moderate and statistically significant relationship between the innovative culture and the commercialization of technology. Keyword Construction, Structural components, Factories, Urbanism, Commerce


II. METHODOLOGY
The research was quantitative with non-experimental descriptive cross-sectional design. Quantitative, because the collection and analysis of data were based on numerical measurement, counting and statistical techniques [15]; non-experimental, because the variables were not manipulated, else were observed in their natural environment; cross-sectional, because the information was collected in a determined time of the investigation and the relationship between the variables was studied; descriptive, because the precision and characterization of the study event were achieved within a particular context [16].
The dimensions and indicators of the study variables Innovative Culture and Commercialization of technology were identified, which are shown in the Table 1.

A. Population and sample
The study population was made up of the prefabricated systems companies of the construction sector in Venezuela, which were: Metalgen 205 R.L, Fundación Biocasafundación Biocasa, Grupo Rumeli Construcciones Civiles CA, Europea de Edificios Prefabricados y Mobile Space System C.A.
Once the population was established, one of the companies was chosen as a study sample according to the following criteria: access to information, a company with more years of services or experience and the use of galvanized sheets with fiber cement joined with high density polyurethane. Taking into account the above criteria, the chosen company was MOBILE SPACE SYSTEM A.C., with the purpose of describing the current situation of the innovative culture and the commercialization of technologies in the construction sector; 4 managers were selected, 5 heads of unit and 5 supervisors.

B. Data collection
The technique used for the collection of information was the survey. This was measured using the Questionnaire data collection instrument, which consisted of 54 items with categorized questions and Likerttype scale responses, where the items were presented in a 5-point format for the analysis alternatives: Strongly agree (5), Agree (4), Neutral (3), Disagree (2) and Strongly disagree (1).

C. Validity and reliability of the instrument
The content of the instrument was validated through expert judgment. To this end, experts from the thematic area of study were selected, to whom a copy of the instrument was given with the objective of the research and operationalization of the variables. Each of them considered the items of the instrument to check the coherence and relevance of the same with the objective, dimensions and indicators.
With respect to the reliability of the measurement instrument, a pilot test was carried out on 15 subjects with knowledge of the study topic. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, using the Formula 1. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire that was applied to the personnel of the Management of the Mobile Space System company was 0.83, which is considered as high reliability.

D. Data analysis
The analysis of the data was carried out based on the descriptive statistics, where absolute and relative frequencies were established for each item, which facilitated the reading, analysis and interpretation of the same. In addition, a statistical comparison scale was used (Table 2), which shows the interval and the category to which each variable, dimension and indicator of the study can be assigned. On the other hand, a scale was used for the interpretation of the standard deviation (Table 3), in order to determine the tendency of the variables with reality and then describe them, interpret them and make decisions. To determine the relationship between the variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used, where the scores of each variable were used, as shown in Table 4.

Rank
Type of correlation There is no correlation 0 < R < 1 Direct correlation R = 1 Perfect direct correlation III. RESULTS Next, the analysis of instrument data directed to the managers, heads of unit and supervisors of the Mobile Space System company is presented. The analysis of the results is developed with the interpretation of the answers obtained in the applied questionnaire, presented by indicator, dimension, sub-dimension and variable.
For the variable Innovative culture, the data provided by the questionnaire were grouped and averaged to categorize them according to the scales. The dimension analyzed was Elements of the innovative culture and the sub-dimension Factors that act on people, as evidenced in Table 5.  An average of 3.98 is evidenced for the sub-dimension Factors that act on people, which placed it at a High level of identification with a standard deviation of 0.09, indicative of a Very low dispersion. The above, shows a favorable situation, because the factors that influence the members have the necessary stimulation to direct the company towards the achievement of goals, which allows the organization to establish an innovative culture within the same and promote the motivation, performance and ingenuity of employees. These results are related to the point made by [17], who proposes that the factors that influence workers as aspiration and shared reality, creative tension and learning, allow the members of an organization to produce creative ideas that will guarantee teamwork and apply the knowledge acquired.
According to the sub-dimension Factors that act on the organization, Table 6 is shown, which presents the results found according to the opinion of the respondents. It was observed that the average placed the sub-dimension in the Very high level category and the standard deviation in Very low dispersion. This result shows a strength for the organization regarding the indicators, because the company is willing to receive ideas and contributions from its members. In this way, it can be interpreted that the innovative production within the company depends on the creative will of the staff. In this regard, [18] argue that it is essential to increase the innovative culture within the organization in order to promote the development of new products and ideas, services or processes in the work staff.
The dimension Elements of the innovative culture is analyzed (Table 7), which compares the sub-dimensions Factors that act on people and Factors that act on the organization. The average ranked the dimension in the Very high level category and the standard deviation in Very low dispersion. From the above, the solidity provided by the aspects such as tension, learning, aspiration and shared reality to the innovative culture are shown, which influence the people of the organization. In addition, they are considered as the innovative source and the structure that generates the management of talent, failure and risk of an organization.
Another analyzed dimension of the Innovative culture was Barrier of innovative culture, where the results issued by the persons consulted are presented, which are reflected in Table 8. It is observed that the dimension presents the average in the category Very high level and the standard deviation in Very low dispersion according to the scale of interpretation. In this way, these results reflect a favorable trend to promote the skills, attitudes, heterodoxy and questioning of existing models in the company's innovation processes, which allows the creation of new viable ideas for the development of the same and maintain the competitiveness intelligently in the market. This coincides with what was stated by [19], who express that the innovative culture present in the organization allows the promotion of market intelligence, the development of skills and the adaptation of technologies to generate new business ideas and strengthen competitiveness in the market.
For the variable Commercialization of technology, the data provided by questionnaire were grouped and averaged to categorize them according to the established scales of interpretation. Subsequently, the alternatives for the commercialization of the technology of the prefabricated systems of the construction sector are shown in Table 9. The dimension obtained an average that categorizes it into High level and standard deviation into Very low dispersion. Therefore, it is indicated that the company has a favorable trend towards the development of alternatives for the commercialization of technology, because the products offered by the organization provide an adequate price to the market taking into account the profitability for the company, the process and distribution mechanisms and promotion. Additionally, in [20], it is stated that the companies must have knowledge regarding the domain of the product in order to correctly identify alternatives of commercialization of technology.
According to the results obtained for the dimension Factors that interfere in the technology commercialization process. They were tabulated as they are reflected in Table 10. The average of the dimension reached the category of High level and the standard deviation obtained Very low dispersion. This shows that the company considers the environment before starting the commercialization process, due it has the ability to handle factors in the internal staff, customers, office technology, salaries, finances, distributors, suppliers, competitors, as well as political forces, legal, economic, sociocultural and technological. A similar case is raised by [21], who states that it is essential to know the market to which you want to access and determine opportunities and threats in order to promote feasible business strategies.
To determine the relationship between the innovative culture and the commercialization of technology of prefabricated systems in the construction sector, Table 11 was taken into account. According to the relationship between the Innovative culture and the Commercialization of the technology of prefabricated systems in the construction sector, the information presented in Table 11 was taken into account, which indicates that the relationship between the variables is positive, moderate and statistically significant. In this way it is evident that when the innovative culture increases, the commercialization of the technology increases in the companies of the construction sector and vice versa, which is supported by the study of [22], which states that companies in competitive technology markets must adopt an innovative thinking as a strategy for the use of resources.
Therefore, it is suggested to companies of prefabricated systems of the construction sector to implement workshops in relation to the variables studied, to strengthen the staff in knowledge, skills and abilities, as an essential element towards the processes of innovation in the company and competition in the market.

IV. CONCLUSION
The results obtained in the study for the innovative culture and commercialization of technology in the prefabricated systems of the construction sector, generated the following conclusions: i) It was observed that the relationship between the Innovative Culture and Commercialization of technology in the prefabricated systems is positive and moderate, since it implies actions that promote the progress and the development of creative activities for the elaboration of innovative products that encourage the progress of the companies and society. ii) The factors that act on people as Aspiration and Shared reality, creative tension and learning, present a high level of applicability within organizations, which allows the stimulation of the members towards the achievement of goals. iii) The factors that act on organizations such as talent management, failure and risk, show a strength within the companies, since they consider the ideas and contributions of members to generate innovative solutions. iv) The commercialization of the technology in the prefabricated systems of the construction sector, presents a high level of development of alternatives to compete in the market, because the companies offer an adequate price, considering the profitability, the processes, distribution mechanisms and the promotion. v) Organizations have a high level of management of technological, economic, political and human factors to avoid non-compliance with laws and regulations issued by different institutions and public bodies.