Technology Roadmaps for the Determination of Technologies Used in Solar Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems

This document uses the prospective technique Technology roadmaps for the determination of technologies used in solar photovoltaic water pumping systems (SPWPS) (submersible) in the department of Guajira, Colombia. The methodology was descriptive qualitative non-experimental. Under the criterion of the population census, seven professional engineers of the Industrial Center and alternative energies of the National Apprenticeship Service SENA Regional Guajira were selected as a study sample. The data collection was done through the Technology roadmaps technique, with which suppliers and components for SPWPS were obtained through experts. In the analysis and results, suitable equipment was found in an SPWPS under the specific conditions of the region under study. The conclusions indicate that the Technology roadmaps technique provided the ideal tools in technology (solar panels, controllers, motors and pumps, among other devices), for an SPWPS under the geographic and climatic conditions of the region of La Guajira, besides qualifying the data as suitable for further research on the subject. Keyword Renewable Energy, Water Pumping, Performance, Technology, Electricity


II. METHODOLOGY
The methodology used was of a descriptive type, due to the objective and precise details of the characteristics of each component in the SPWPS [12]; qualitative, for providing an overview of the range of non-numerical characteristics in equipment [13]; not experimental, because of not manipulating the data obtained from the objective elements [14].

A. Population
Among the instructors teachers in the area, seven professional engineers from the Industrial Center and alternative energies of the National Apprenticeship Service were found -SENA Regional Guajira, Colombia. Therefore, under the population census criterion, the entire population of teachers was selected as a sample (Table 1). Then, with the help of the previous ones, suppliers of equipment and supplies for SPWPS were selected.

B. Data collection
The collection was carried out using the Technology roadmaps technique, present in the platform and web tool for prospective studies Softprosp [15], in which the teachers of Table 1 (experts) were consulted, regarding each technology in the SPWPS and provider thereof.

C. Data collection
The data collected from the technologies were organized under different parameters such as purchase cost, maintenance and other factors. From the above, by means of consulting the experts, the appropriate equipment was identified in an SPWPS under specific conditions such as geographical, meteorological and economic conditions in the region of Riohacha, La Guajira, Colombia.

D. Research procedure
For the collection and subsequent analysis of data, a scheme was designed with steps that would make the research a systematic and orderly process ( Figure 1). The proposed steps were: 1. Determination of environmental conditions 2. Technology roadmaps technique application to collect information of equipment present in an SPWPS by consulting teachers and suppliers 3. Data ordering and equipment selection for an SPWPS

A. 1. Determination of environmental conditions
The present study was carried out in the region of Riohacha, La Guajira, Colombia, which is characterized by its arid territory, high temperatures and solar radiation, as shown in Figure 2 [16].

B. 2. Technology roadmaps technique application to collect information of equipment present in an SPWPS by consulting teachers and suppliers
By means of consulting the experts, through the Technology roadmaps technique present in the Softprosp web platform (Figure 3), together with the help of the single line diagram designed in the Franklin Electric application (Figure 4), it was determined that the fundamental components in the system (of a critical nature and greater importance). Were:  Table 2.
x x x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8 x 9 x With the above, for each selected provider, the characteristics of each of the main technologies in the SPWPS could be determined (Table 3 to Table 9).

C. 3. Data ordering and equipment selection for an SPWPS
Once the SPWPS elements offered by the suppliers were identified, those devices of ideal character for the system were selected. The above resulted in the results obtained in Table 10. For systems such as SPWPS, activities such as generating component installation models [16], how to select the technologies of these systems, are important factors because they influence the overall performance of photovoltaic systems [17]. In a similar way to the present investigation, in [18], an exhaustive review of the literature of solar pumping technology was carried out, from which it was obtained among the conclusions that the factors that affect performance techniques and improvement of efficiency, the use of highly efficient photovoltaic modules, including bifacial modules and the degradation of the photovoltaic generator are areas of research to reduce cost, improve performance and improve the service life of the pumping system, conclusions which adjust and complement the objective of the present investigation.

IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that -Technology roadmaps technique was effective in identifying suppliers and equipment with greater suitability to operate in an SPWPS under the conditions that the Riohacha region has, La Guajira.
-The data revealed in the present investigation can be useful for future sizing of SPWPS, an activity which is of great benefit because it allows to avoid energy leaks, prolong the useful life of the equipment and increase system performance, among other advantages.