AN IOT BASED FARM MANAGEMENT USING IMAGE PROCESSING

— The recent technologies have paved a way to develop and offer advanced services to the stake holders in the agriculture sector .A shift is underway from the monolithic tools to internet based system that can enable more collaboration amongst the stake holders . This paradigm requires technical support from application developers in making specialized services that will interoperate, creating a customisable and sophisticated work environment to the end user. Here in this project, the system is like smart agriculture where it detects insect damge on cultivated crops through monitoring and updates the information about the status of the cultivated crops on the webpage through Ethernet. This system makes automatic irrigation possible. So, in the end it reduces the manpower involved.


IV. TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Temperature is the most-measured variable in industrial application. A temperature sensor is generally used to convert temperature to a electrical value. Temperature Sensors are used to read and control the temperatures in industries.LM35 IC is a temperaure sensor, where the output voltage is linearly relative to the Celsius. LM35 doesn't need any kind of outside calibration or decoration in order to provide accuracies of ±¼°C at room temperature and ±¾°C over -55 to +150°C temperature range. LM35's , low output impedance, linear output and inherent calibration create an interface to control the circuitry. A humidity sensor is basically a device which can measure the relative humidity in an area. A humidity sensor can be utilized indoors and outdoors. Humidity sensors are mostly available in analog as well as digital forms. This module can convert the relative humidity to voltage . This can be used in weather monitoring applications.   The DHT 11 sensor is basically a low cost sensor. It uses capacitive humidity sensor as well as a thermostat in order to measure the surrounding air and also outputs the digital signal onto the data pin .It is simple in usage, but requires careful timing in order to grab data.

VI. SOIL MOISTURE TEMPERATURE
A soil moisture sensor is used generally to measure the water content in the soil. The Soil Moisture Sensor is used to detect the moisture level of the soil and to judge if sufficient water is available for the crop.In order to assess the condition of the soil , we need to insert the module into the soil and also adjust the potentiometer on the board so as to adjust sensitivity. The sensor outputs logic HIGH/LOW whenever the moisture content is higher/lower than threshold that has been set by potentiometer.

A. Features
 Digital output, easy to adjust  Nickel plating to avoid corrosion  Working voltage: 3.3V-5V  On-board LM393 chip  Dimension of the board: 3.2cm * 1.4cm

VII. LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR
Light Dependent Resistors are generally termed as photo resistors. They are dependent on light. Their resistance genereally decreases when light falls on them and increases when they are kept in the dark. This is termed as dark resistance. The dark resistance can be as high as 10^12 ohms. Whenever a constant voltage is applied to it, the light intensity increases and the current increases proportionally.

VIII. DC MOTORS
A DC motor is used to convert the direct electrical power into mechanical power. It is based on the fact that whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, then it experiences a mechanical power. Here , in this project,we use 4 motors.Whenever there is an insect damage, a fertilizer motor gets switched on. When the temperature rises, the water motor comes into work. When the LDR rises beyond cutoff then another motor works by spraying water to protect the plants from heat. When the soil moisture sensor detects that the water content of soil is low , then another motor starts working by pouring water to the plants from a tube connected to the motor and it stops after the moisture content of the soil comes back to normal.

IX. ETHERNET SHIELD
This is the medium through which the arduino gets the capability to connect to the internet. It is actually based on the wiz net Ethernet chip. It supports up to four simultaneous socket connections. Use the Ethernet library to write sketches which connect to the internet using the shield. The Ethernet shield connects to an Arduino board using long wire-wrap headers which extend through the shield. This keeps the pin layout intact and allows another shield to be stacked on top.We can get connected to the internet using the RJ45 cable:  It requires an Arduino board (not included).  It's Operating voltage is 5V (which is supplied from Arduino Board).  Ethernet Controller used here: W5100 with internal 16K buffer.  The Connection speed is : 10/100Mb  Connection with Arduino is via SPI port.

X. SOFTWARE USED A. MATLAB
Matlab is a fourth genereation programming language. It has been used for a long time in order to make complex mathematical computations easy. They include matrix, interpreting algorithms and many more. They have also been used for interfacing and they are have programs that can be written in C,C++, Java, Fortran, Python.

B. ARDUINO IDE
Arduino IDE is used to interface with arduino through programming which can be uploaded. They generally have files with extension .ino.It has a text editor for writing codes. Programs written here are called as sketches. The programs that are written on the arduino IDE can be uploaded to the arduino board through the arduino USB cable.The message area gives the feedback, displays the output and the errors. XI. RESULTS 1. This is the picture (Fig.4.) when crops are monitored for cultivation and once they are ready for cultivation , it displays a message saying "Ready to Cultivate".

A. Webpage
The following figure (Fig.7.) displays the upadated status of the crops on webpage.

XII. CONCLUSION
This IOT based farm management system is a very reliable and a very efficient system. It can really make manpower less and can be more helpful for people in modern cities as the status of the crops are updated on the webpage that they can access from anywhere and at anytime.There is no necessity for them to continuously keep monitoring the crops.With the proposed system, using the sensors, the temperature, light intensity, soil moisture as well as humidity are monitored and whenever the value seems abnormal the respective motors gets switched on. More over this system can detect the damage caused by the insects and automatically turns on the fertilizer motor that makes the system even more efficient and reliable.