Experimental Investigation and Analysis of Rice Bran Additive Fuel in A Spark Ignition Engine

Spark ignition engine is preferred locomotive prime mover due to its smooth operation and low maintenance. The petrol is fossil fuel which is limited in reservoirs causes varieties of study in search of alternative fuel for SI engine, where alcohol promises best alternative fuel. In this paper, performance and emission analysis of a SI engine using the ROEE-Petrol Blend and Petrol were carried out. In this novel, it has been found that the addition of fuel has increased the performance characteristics (Mechanical efficiency), decreased SFC along with considerable reduction in emissions from the optically accessible engine as the test rig with optimum power production. Experiments were carried with variable speed constant load and constant speed variable load methods. KeywordInternal combustion engine, ROEERice Bran Oil Ethyl Ester, SI Engine, SFC-Specific fuel consumption, emissions.


I. INTRODUCTION
Unsustainable demands of petroleum fuels, increased global warming threats and environmental degradation matters have necessitated for development and adaptation to ecofriendly and renewable type of energy resources all over the world. This experimental fuel is an alternative fuel like biodiesel and ethanol which are being projected as substitutes to petrol. Their adoptability to existing engine designs, reduced toxic emissions, comparable engine performances and choice for wide variety of feed stocks have made them attractive and have encouraged many countries to initiate several biofuel developmental programs in their respective zones. To reduce the dependency of imported petroleum fuels, most of the biofuels produced at present are blended with Diesel/gasoline and are used as economic and energy drives. Research and development of bio fuels can bring various benefits including immortality, reduction in greenhouse gas emission, regional development, stability in supplying raw materials, social and agriculture structure stability and development and thereby consistent growth of the economy. The notable advantage of these fuels compared to conventional fuels is their high cetane number, reduced sulphur content and pollution reduction due to it there by they have upper hand due to their renewability and environment friendly character. Based on research consuming biodiesel can help considerably in reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and the adverse conditions they create due to their toxic emissions. Therefore, the purpose of this research work is to investigate performance and emission characteristics of an SI engine which utilizes various proportions of petrol and bio fuel blends. The experimental fuel is a mixture of fossil fuel and liquid bio fuel. The emission from automobile has been major cause of pollution in and major constituent in creating air toxicity in urban areas. Till date many methods were developed and indeed used to reduce toxic engine exhaust emissions. Studies have shown that engine exhausts are considerably reduced by using blends of alcohol and biodiesels. In a study, the effect of compression ratio on performance of an SI engine using 78% gasoline and 22% ethanol blend (E22) and aqueous ethanol (E100) was investigated. The results showed that engine performance was improved in high compression ratios with both fuels compared to gasoline. The result showed there was an increase in brake specific fuel consumption. Also in an investigation, hydrous ethanol (6.8% water) was used as fuel for high speed engine and the results were that torque, brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), brake power, thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption (SFC) were higher. Also, CO, HC decreased and CO2, NOx increased using hydrous ethanol. As previous studies show, only mixtures of two or three fuels were used to study performance and emissions characteristics of SI engine. Here the experimental fuel is a blend of two type's fuels and two types of biofuels. After preparing mixtures some critical significant properties of blends were investigated, measured and compared with petrol.

A.Fuel Preparation
As mentioned earlier experimental fuel is mixture of two types of fuels and two types of bio fuels, a mixture of Petrol, ethanol, biodiesel and diesel. Chemical Proportion used in fuel is (10 vol% Ethanol, 2.5 vol% Biodiesel, 2.5 vol% Diesel and 85 vol% Petrol). The various fuel properties of Petrol, diesel, ethanol and biodiesel produced from rice bran oil and their blends were determined based on the ASTM standards.

B.Experimental Apparatus
The experimental set up consists of a spark ignition engine, engine test bed with a self-excited DC generator coupled to a resistance load bank. Indicated Thermal or Overall Efficiency,

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Initially several fuel blends were prepared and tested in which the performance studies of fuel with 10 vol% Ethanol, 2.5 vol% Biodiesel, 2.5 vol% Diesel and 85 vol% Petrol were used. Performance studies were made with connecting engine to 230v, 50Hz AC single phase ACSupply and measurements were taken for constant speed of 3000 rpm.
From the Performance test it is found that the BP,IP,BMEP,IMEP,BTE,ITE,ME and VE of the experimental blend was more than the corresponding values of Petrol.the values of MFC and SFC was found to be lesser than the petrol. Heat balance tests shows that the unaccounted heat loss was reduced to a considerable amount which resulted in increased heat efficiency for the experimental blend fuel than petrol.  V. CONCLUSION This experimental project deals with production of biodiesel from Rice Bran oiland blending the Rice Bran oil biodiesel with ethanol, diesel and petrol. The blended fuel is tested on a Spark Ignition engine and its performance characteristics were plottedagainst petrol and compared. The mechanical efficiency of the experimental fuel is 1% more thanpetrol. Frictional power is lesser, unaccounted heat loss is found to be less than petrol.Emissionwas considerably reduced the experimental readings of the newly developed fuel shows that this can a good replacement for conventional fuels with reduced heat losses and specific fuel consumption.